Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects individuals across various age groups, primarily characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These symptoms often lead to challenges in academic, occupational, and social settings. ADHD is one of the most common mental health conditions in children, though it frequently continues into adulthood. The exact cause of ADHD is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, neurological, and environmental factors.

Key Symptoms of ADHD

ADHD symptoms are generally categorized into two main types: inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive. Some individuals predominantly display symptoms of one type, while others may exhibit a combination of both.

1. Inattention: This includes difficulty sustaining attention, frequent careless mistakes, difficulty following instructions, poor organizational skills, and a tendency to be easily distracted.

2. Hyperactivity-Impulsivity: Symptoms include excessive fidgeting, talking excessively, difficulty remaining seated, interrupting others, and impulsive decision-making.

Diagnosis and Treatment

ADHD is typically diagnosed through a comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare professional, often involving behavioral assessments, patient history, and sometimes neuropsychological testing. There is no single test for ADHD; instead, the diagnosis is based on a pattern of symptoms that are persistent, pervasive, and impairing.

Treatment Options:

• Medication: Stimulant medications are commonly prescribed to manage symptoms. Non-stimulant medications are also available.

• Behavioral Therapy: Therapy focuses on developing coping strategies, improving organizational skills, and managing behaviors that interfere with daily life.

• Educational Support: For children, individualized education programs (IEPs) or 504 plans can provide necessary accommodations in school settings.

Living with ADHD

While ADHD presents challenges, with appropriate treatment and support, individuals with ADHD can lead successful and fulfilling lives. Strategies such as establishing routines, using organizational tools, and seeking support from mental health professionals can greatly improve quality of life.

For a more detailed overview of ADHD, including additional resources and guidance, you can access the full PDF provided by CHADD here.